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Research and Publication Ethics JUR follows the Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers (COPE) (http://publicationethics.org/) and supports the law on intellectual property. Every individual publishing in JUR (author, reviewer, guest editor) has to accept and respect intellectual property and avoid plagiarism. Borders and Territories Border and territory issues may be especially relevant for writers when discussing their study. In the event of a possible or apparent conflict or complaint, the editorial staff will work to find a solution that is acceptable to all parties involved. In terms of jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations, JUR maintains a neutral stance. Anonymity and consent of participants involved in the research process In regard to research involving human subjects in non-interventional studies (such as surveys, questionnaires, and social media research) participants must be thoroughly informed about whether anonymity is guaranteed, why the study is being undertaken, how their data will be used, and whether there are any risks involved. This should be clearly stated in the methods section of the manuscript. For research involving human participants, human material, or human data, the author(s) should include within their manuscript informed consent to participate in the study that should be obtained from participants. Documentary evidence of consent must be supplied if requested. Consent for publication For all manuscripts that include details, images, or videos relating to an individual person, written informed consent for the publication of these details must be obtained from that person (or their legal representative). If the person has died, consent for publication must be obtained from their next of kin. The manuscript must include a statement that written informed consent for publication was obtained. Software and code Any previously unreported software application or custom code described in the manuscript should be available for testing by reviewers in a way that preserves their anonymity. The manuscript should include a description in the Availability of Data and Materials section of how the reviewers can access the unreported software application or custom code. Statistical methods Authors should include full information on the statistical methods and measures used in their research, including justification of the appropriateness of the statistical test used. Reviewers will be asked to check the statistical methods, and the manuscript may be sent for specialist statistical review if considered necessary. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, do not currently satisfy the journal’s authorship criteria. Notably an attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs. Use of an LLM should be properly documented in the Methods section (and if a Methods section is not available, in a suitable alternative part) of the manuscript. The journal strictly follows existing copyright law and best practices regarding publication ethics. While legal issues relating to AI generated images and videos remain broadly unresolved, JUR is currently unable to permit its use for publication. Exceptions are images/art obtained from agencies that have created images in a legally acceptable manner. Other exceptions to this policy include images and video that are directly referenced in a piece that is specifically about AI. The use of non-generative machine learning tools to manipulate, combine or enhance existing images or figures should be disclosed in the relevant caption upon submission. Submission Declaration and Verification To guarantee that high-quality scientific works are added to the area of academic publication, the editors of this journal follow a rigorous peer-review procedure and adhere to strong ethical principles and standards. Plagiarism, data falsification, picture alteration, incorrect authorship attribution, and other issues do occur, unfortunately. JUR' editors take publication ethical problems extremely seriously and are trained to follow a zero-tolerance approach in such circumstances. Authors who want their work published in JUR must adhere to the following rules:
Citation Policy Research articles must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Authors should consider the following guidelines when preparing their manuscript:
Text recycling Authors should be aware that replication of text from their own previous publications is text recycling (also referred to as self-plagiarism). Where overlap of text with authors’ own previous publications is necessary or unavoidable, duplication must always be reported transparently and be properly attributed. If a manuscript contains text that has been published elsewhere, authors should notify the Editor of this on submission. Theses JUR may consider submissions containing material that has previously formed part of a PhD or other academic thesis including those that have been made publicly available according to the requirements of the institution awarding the qualification. Translations into English Authors should seek approval from the original publisher to check that they do not breach the copyright terms of the original publication and that the original publisher gives permission for the publication of the translation. Plagiarism Plagiarism, data falsification, and picture manipulation are all prohibited. Plagiarism is defined as stealing language, ideas, pictures, or data from another source without providing credit to the original source, even from your own publications. Text borrowed from another source must be reused within quotation marks, and the original source must be cited. Previous publications must be expressly referenced if the study's design, manuscript structure, or language was inspired by them. Author(s) should maintain the integrity of the research and avoid academic misconduct or plagiarism. JUR Editorial Board will screen all received articles for plagiarism before sending them to peer review. Self-plagiarism will also be considered. The industry standard program iThenticate is used to check all JUR submissions for plagiarism. The paper may be rejected if plagiarism is discovered during the peer review process. If plagiarism is discovered after a publication, we shall conduct an inquiry and take appropriate action in accordance with our policy. Image files must not be modified or changed in any manner that might cause the information supplied by the original image to be misinterpreted. Irregular manipulation includes: 1) adding, enhancing, moving, or removing features from the original image; 2) grouping of images that should clearly be presented separately (e.g., from different parts of the same gel, or from different gels); or 3) adjusting contrast, brightness, or colour balance to obscure, eliminate, or enhance some information. We may reject a paper if irregular picture alteration is discovered and verified during the peer review process. We may revise or retract the work if abnormal image modification is discovered and proven after publication. Academic Misconduct JUR takes seriously all allegations of potential misconduct. In cases of suspected research or publication misconduct, it may be necessary for the Editor to contact and share manuscripts with third parties, for example, author(s)’ institution(s). Data falsification includes manipulating images, removing outliers or “inconvenient” results, changing, adding or omitting data points, etc. Data fabrication means the making up of research findings. JUR or reviewers may request underlying study data from the author(s) for inspection or verification. If the original data cannot be produced, the manuscript may be rejected or, in the case of a published article, retracted. Cases of suspected misconduct will be reported to the author(s)’ institution(s). Any complaints of publishing misconduct will be investigated by our in-house editors, who may contact the authors' institutions or funders if required. If there is proof of wrongdoing, steps will be made to amend or withdraw the publication. When publishing with JUR, authors are required to follow the finest ethical publication procedures. Any complaints of publishing misconduct will be investigated by our in-house editors, who may contact the authors' institutions or funders if required. If there is proof of wrongdoing, steps will be made to amend or withdraw the publication. When publishing with JUR, authors are required to follow the finest ethical publication procedures. In case of suspicion of Plagiarism or Academic Misconduct, an investigation will be carried out. If the investigation outcome raises legitimate concerns, JUR Editorial Board will contact the author to discuss the case. The Editor-in-Chief will take of the following measures, including, but not limited to the following:
Confidentiality JUR will treat all manuscripts submitted to for review in confidence. Reviewers are therefore required to respect the confidentiality of the peer review process and not reveal any details of a manuscript or its review, during or after the peer-review process, beyond the information released by the journal. If reviewers wish to involve a colleague in the review process, they should first obtain permission from the journal. JUR should be informed of the names of any individuals who assisted in the review process when the report is returned. Corrections and retractions Rarely, it may be necessary for JUR to publish corrections to, or retractions of, articles published in previous volumes, so as to maintain the integrity of the academic record. Corrections to, or retractions of, published articles will be made by publishing a Correction or a Retraction note bidirectionally linked to the original article. Any alterations to the original article will be described in the note. The original article remains in the public domain and the subsequent Correction or Retraction will be widely indexed. Authors, readers or organizations who become aware of errors or ethics issues in a published article are encouraged to contact JUR in the first instance via the contact details available on the journal website. All reports will be considered by JUR’s Editors; additional expert advice may be sought when deciding on the most appropriate course of action.
Changes to published articles that affect the interpretation and conclusion of the article, but do not fully invalidate the article, will, at the Editor(s)’ discretion, be corrected via publication of a Correction that is indexed and bidirectionally linked to the original article.
On rare occasions, when the interpretation or conclusion of an article is substantially undermined, it may be necessary for published articles to be retracted. Retractions are indexed and bidirectionally linked to the original article. The original article is watermarked as retracted and the title is amended with the prefix “Retracted article:”
In exceptional circumstances, JUR reserves the right to remove an article from its online platform. Such action may be taken when (i) JUR concludes that content is defamatory, infringes a third party’s intellectual property right, right to privacy, or other legal right, or is otherwise unlawful; or (ii) a court or government order has been issued, or is likely to be issued, requiring removal of such content. Removal may be temporary or permanent. Bibliographic metadata (e.g., title and authors) will be retained, and will be accompanied by a statement explaining why the content has been removed. Declaration of Interest All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships or interests with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Authorship and Changes to Authorship Before submitting the manuscript, the Corresponding Author is expected to provide a complete list of authors at the time of the initial submission. Author(s) should submit a consent statement, as well as from the responsible authorities if needed for copyright. Authors listed in the copyright form are those who contributed to the research, and therefore share the responsibility and accountability. It is the full responsibility of the main author to include all other co-authors of the paper in the initial submission of the manuscript. JUR will not accept any request for the addition or removal of authors during the review process or after the manuscript is accepted for publication. Copyright Upon the submission of a manuscript, author(s) will be asked to complete a copyright form. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a “copyright form” and the declaration of interest form. This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the manuscript. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources. As an author, you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. Author(s)’ copyright include the right to:
Acknowledgements All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an ‘Acknowledgements’ section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help or writing assistance, or only general support. Role of the Funding Source You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article, and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, then this should be stated. |
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